Why Teachers Should Have Guns free essay sample

Of all the places in the world, you would think that a school is the safest place for a child to be. Sometimes this isn’t the case. In this speech, I will talk to you about how allowing teachers to carry concealed weapons will be a good idea. I will talk about the advantages of allowing teachers to carry a concealed weapon, how allowing teachers to carry concealed weapons is helping other countries, and why Gun-Free zones aren’t working. Let’s start with the advantages of allowing teachers to carry a concealed weapon. There are three main advantages for allowing teachers to carry a concealed weapon. The three advantages are casualties will be reduced if you could take down the shooter quickly before the shooter kills any more people, teachers can be a tremendous deterrent to crime, and teachers can help stop another school shooting for example, Columbine or Virginia Tech. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Teachers Should Have Guns or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let’s start with the first advantage. Casualties will be reduced if you could take down the shooter quickly before the shooter kills any more people. An armed teacher provides more immediate protection for the students than a police officer on the phone. It will take probably 5-10 minutes before the police will even get there. That is too much time for the shooter to do whatever he wants. So, if some teachers were carrying a gun, they could take down the shooter quickly before more damage is done. The second advantage is if teachers have guns and the public knows about it. Its a good thing because that would alert anyone coming into our schools armed with a gun. The last advantages is for protection and it would make the students and parents feel a lot more safe! Those are the three advantages I think why teachers should have concealed weapons

Global forces and Western European brewing Industry

Global forces and Western European brewing Industry PESTEL analysis of Western European Brewing Industry Political factors Unfavorable attitude of European governments toward beer and alcoholic beverages, in general. These products are regarded as demerit goods which means that their consumption has to be restricted. This results in numerous legal regulations on the advertisement, marketing, and production of such products1. Economic factors The decrease in consumption of beer. In many European countries such as Belgium, Denmark, Norway, France, and the United Kingdom bear consumption level dropped significantly within the period between 2000 and 2007. Merges in the industry due to global pressure of consolidation. Economic recession in Europe and the United States2. Social factors Growing concern about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The changes in the buying behaviors of consumers, especially the growing popularity of wines3. Increasing demand for alcohol-free beer. Low birth rates in European countries4 and increase of pop ulation In Asian countries and India. Technological factors The development of new technologies which can facilitate the production and storage of beer. For instance, one can mention those technologies that improve beer recovery process or filtration5. Environmental factors The demands to make brewing process more eco-friendly, for example, we can speak about the necessity to reduce the discharge of chemicals6. The necessity to develop an alternative to conventional bottles or aluminum. cans. The main purpose is to make beer containers more recyclable. At the given moment, the influence of these environmental factors is not very strong but this issue can become much more urgent within the next two decades. Legal factors Stronger enforcement of laws prohibiting underage consumption of alcohol. For instance, one can mention such plan â€Å"Think 21† which is aimed at reducing the availability of alcoholic beverages to adolescents7. Similar laws and restrictions are impose d throughout Europe and the United States. Tight governmental control over the production of beer. Porter’s Five Forces The threat of new entrants Currently entry barriers are very high because brewing industry becomes more consolidated, and the majority of the companies operating in this market are economies of scale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global forces and Western European brewing Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the data, presented in the case study there are ten international brewing companies which control more than 30 percent of global market share8. These corporations can pursue cost-leader policies, and new-comers will find it difficult to compete with them. Therefore, the threat of new entrants is not significant. The threat of substitute products Wine and some non-alcoholic beverages can be viewed as substitute products; however, drinking beer is rooted in the tradit ions of many countries and it is important from social point of view. This is why it is rather unlikely that this beverage will lose its popularity. Hence, the threat is more or less moderate. The power of suppliers The main suppliers of brewing companies are the packaging manufacturers and agricultural sector. Each of these industries is highly concentrated, for instance, there are only three can producers in the UK9, and breweries dictate their terms to them. The same thing can be said about the suppliers of barley or grains. Thus, the power of suppliers is relative strong. The bargaining power of customers The main buyers are supermarket chains such as Tesco or Carrefour. Brewing companies sell them approximately 67 percent of their products10. Thus, these customers are very important to breweries and they can make concessions to them, especially if we are speaking about the price. Thus, the power of customers is very strong and it can become even stronger. The Intensity of compe tition The industry is very concentrated and the competition between companies is very intense. In 2009, ten brewing companies produced more than 60 percent of global beer volume11. Under such circumstanced competitive advantages can be gained by introducing new products such as fruit-flavored beer.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion PESTEL analysis and the study of Porter’s Five Forces indicate that brewing companies must be aware of the following challenges. Legal and social factors will produce the most adverse effects on this industry. These companies should remember about changing lifestyles and increasing awareness about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The same thing can be said about legal restriction on the marketing of beer. This is why they need to emphasize the healthfulness of their products. They must prove that beer should not be vi ewed by the governments as alcoholic beverage and a demerit good. In the future, they may have to increase the production of alcohol-free beer. Secondly, they should explore new markets for their products, especially in such countries as China or India. The thing is that the consumption of beer in Europe can decline even more due to the decrease of population in this region. Finally, these companies should develop their own distribution networks in order to diminish their dependence on super or hypermarkets. At this point, they are the main customers of brewing companies. The impacts of global forces on specific companies Anheuser- Busch InBev The products of Anheuser- Busch InBev are well-positioned in the markets of different counties. This company possesses such famous brands as Stella Artois, Beck’s or Budweiser. Its main strengths are well-developed supply chain and close cooperation between various divisions 12. This company ensures that the best practices are quickly s hared across different breweries. However, it has some weaknesses as well. They have to manage more than 300 brands and this is quite a challenging task. Secondly, the legal status of this corporation is not secure since in many countries is viewed as monopoly. Greene King The main strength of Greene King is that it has its distribution network. This company runs more than 200013 pubs across the UK. Hence, they are less dependent on hypermarkets. Moreover, many British customers feel strong affiliation to this brand. However, there are several significant weaknesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global forces and Western European brewing Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, this company has not fully explored international markets and in the future they can suffer losses due to the decline of beer consumption in the UK. Additionally, in the recent year public image of this company suffered significant ly, because it is accused of monopolizing the UK market and closing many local breweries. Tsingtao The key strength of this company is that it is very well-posited in China, one of the largest markets in the world. Furthermore, this company has successfully entered European and American markets. The main weaknesses of this organization are more related to its external environment. Tsingtao operates in a very regulated market and it can be controlled by the Chinese government. Finally, some of its brands are not familiar to European customers. Reference List Blee M R. Whittington. â€Å"Global forces and the Western European Brewing Industry†. In G. Johnson (ed.), Exploring Strategy, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New York, 2008, pp. 1-3. Bereridge F S. Velutti. Gender and the open method of coordination: perspectives on law, governance and equality in the EU, Ashgate Publishing, New York, 2008. Moens, G. J. Trone, Commercial law of the European Union, Springer, London, 2010. Porter. M. On competition. Harvard Business Press, Cambridge, 2008.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proctor A. Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 2011. Lewis M. Bamforth C. Essays in brewing science, Springer, London, 2006. The Department of Health. Youth Alcohol Action Plan, Home Office, London, 2008. Footnotes 1 Moens, G. J. Trone, Commercial law of the European Union, Springer, London, 2010, p. 62 2 Blee M R. Whittington. â€Å"Global forces and the Western European Brewing Industry†. In G. Johnson (ed.), Exploring Strategy, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New York, 2008, p 2. 3 Blee M R. Whittington, p 1 4 Bereridge F S. Velutti. Gender and the open method of coordination: perspectives on law, governance and equality in the EU, Ashgate Publishing, New York, 2008. 5 Proctor A. Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 2011, p 237 6 Lewis M. Bamforth C. Essays in brewing science, Springer, London, 2006, p 170. 7 The Department of Health. Youth Alcohol Action Plan, Home Office, London, 2008, p. 16. 8 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 9 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 10 Ibid, p 2 11 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 12 Blee M R. Whittington, p 3 13 Blee M R. Whittington, p 3

African American Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

African American Culture - Research Paper Example To start with, the power of the Afro-American culture lies in the fact that it has been highly significant in the way of resisting the racial oppression (this is not only a factor) in the American society and have been generating highly innovative dynamics and platform which comes from the oral tradition from which all other cultural forms have evolved. It has been found that the Afro-American oral tradition have remained as an immensely innovative and learning process for the K-12 students in the American schools. Thus with a glimpse of its significance here it requires more elaboration with a discussion of its origin, its segregated forms, its development and its implications in the society in an elucidated fashion (Hamlet, 2011, p.27). Robust nature of the oral tradition The tradition attached with that of the oral communication generally comprises of the old sayings, proverbs and various other cultural products which have been not archived or recorded. The tradition or the enigma of the oral traditions is kept intact through the help of communication through the mouth to mouth communication from one generation to other generation. The diverse forms of African American cultures and their archetypes teach the lessons about the way of living and that of life. The oral tradition can be said to be one of the fundamental mechanism for the cultural expression as well as that of survival. The oral tradition also is predominant in the maintenance of the cultural heritage and that of reflection of the collective spirit of the race.

Government Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Government Regulations - Essay Example Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is an age-old problem. Counterfeit drugs are readily and cheaply available in need. Patients can't differentiate in between the fake and real drugs and fall easy prey to the counterfeiting. Counterfeit drugs pose health problems to public. It is necessary to prevent these fake drugs to enter the drug supply chain to become legitimate. The legitimacy has to be broken by attacking the chain and identifying the culprits. Through strict regulations, a relatively comprehensive system of laws, and enforcement by Federal and state authorities has kept drug counterfeiting rare in United States. Recently it is gradually raising its head again. Most of the countries worldwide could not fight the menace effectively.. This has put the genuine drug companies, wholesalers and retailers into big loss. Many that are involved in shady deals have to face legal actions and punishments. It is through accepting the problem, going into the depth and abiding by the government regulations firms in drug dealing and manufacturing could take strategic decisions to get rid of the problems. Strategic decisions by pharmaceutical companies in cooperation with FDA have been taken in USA to develop comprehensive framework for pharmaceutical supply chain to secure against threat of counterfeiting in drugs. Multinational pharmaceutical companies are developing inter-firm cooperation with supply chain and partnering with government and health advocates to work on the new methods to fight the problems. Track and trace method with the help of new technology of Radio frequency Identification (RFID) has been adopted to foil counterfeiting in drugs. The RFID would enable to tag all products by manufacturers, wholesales, and retailers which can't be altered easily and be verified when required with authentication It will make copying of medicines either very difficult or very costly to deter counterfeiting. Many other authentication technologies such as holograms,

A Problem in the American Education System Essay Example for Free

A Problem in the American Education System Essay This problem will have dire effects on those dropouts as well as other aspects such as financial and health problems. Many factors ultimately push the students off their path to a bachelors degree and end their dreams of ever becoming a doctor or maybe even a businessman. Along with those causes, there are serious consequences for those college dropouts. One effect that happens when a college student drops out of school would be that a huge debt must be paid back and since they dropped out it turn to be a wasted investment. Students looking to go to college, hen dropout have no answer to pay the money back which they were hoping to find a career with a college degree they wanted. Students often put a lot of money into college, thus putting them into debt. When the payments are finally too high for them they cannot afford to stay in school and all the money they put in is for naught. The students are under so much debt after dropping out and have nothing to show for it. That college degree they were hoping to receive at their graduation in non-existent which they were hoping to use as a tool in order to become successful. Who knows hat career a degree could have got them into, maybe a well-paying Job that would keep them from going broke from paying all the loans they used to go to school. All the money that could have been used in order to gain knowledge will be down the drain and the student now would have a harder time paying back those loans and supporting themselves. This also affects the schools and the taxpayers. All the money they are putting into paying and helping students with their schooling has nothing to showing for it. The millions of dollars that are being put into paving the way for the tudents financially do not pay off and instead money is lost. This slows down the whole country as there are less available new young workers to fill the positions of new work. Without a college degree, students earning potential are much lower than those of graduates. In order to pay off debts from loans to go to school and bills, students have to find a source of income and without a degree, finding a Job is much harder. Dropouts have a harder time finding a Job than those already with a degree. With a bachelors degree, it is easier to find Jobs as many opportunities are now open. A cause of college students dropping out is the amount they have to pay for just one semester. As many students do not even have a Job it is difficult for them to support themselves after paying for tuition and also pay for supplies they would later need for classes such as textbooks. A report from the Public Agenda for the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation shows the students from the ages of 22 to 30 years old shows state that their main reason for leaving school is their problems with financial stability. From my experience as of today even now I have a problem having to pay for school at CSULB. Luckily I have financial aid because without it I would it I dont think that I could have survived the first semester of college. Family problems such as having kids during school, or taking care of a sick family member could cause someone to leave college. Having to spend a large amount of time away from thing such as studying for an upcoming test really hurts the students in the long run. This hurts them because it keeps them preoccupied with things that they need to accomplish which is their dream of finding a career in their major and pursue it. Stress develops which may be from the numerous personal problems. Rising uition make students actually have to think about what they buy next. Most students already have to Juggle work and school at the same time Oohnson). I know for a fact that going to college is a hard task even now as a freshman, there is more homework and students have to pay for everything themselves. I understand why most students drop out because they cannot handle the pressure. Another cause for college dropouts is their scores on exams. Of course doing bad on a test will make students fail your class as this is already obvious. Lots of factors also cause students to do poorly on their exams such as stress and financial roblems One final cause for students leaving college early is their lack of motivation and preparation. As most students say their high schools did a poor Job in preparing them for their next step in life stated from a survey by Public Agenda (Crosseley). In college students have to manage their time socially and their time for school. Prioritizing this time is now critical of the all the times spent in school. Being bored really will not help you succeed in receiving a bachelors degree in your hand. For the many college students that attend today that go to college it may be a hard task. Still, college dropouts remain a problem in the American education system.

A Look at National Missile Defense :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the late 1950s, due to the former Soviet Union successfully launching a satellite into space with the help of a multi-stage missile, the United States then began to address the idea of missile defenses. Soon, both offensive and defensive long-range ballistic missile development would be placed on our government’s agenda. The objective was simple, to develop a system that could track down any missiles launched at the United States, and eliminate them before they reached their designated targets. Nike-Zeus was one of the first U.S. efforts to mount a defense against ballistic missiles. Its concept called for a 400-kiloton nuclear warhead to be detonated when in range with incoming missiles. This design had numerous flaws, and after several decades of improvements, it was updated during Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidency. By this time in 1967, the United States realized it could never stop an all-out attach by the Soviets, and therefore shifted its effor ts to protecting major cities from attack. Following the 1969 election of Richard Nixon, the missile defense focus shifted once again, this time to guarding cities with vital military stations. The United States and Soviet Union we now in full-fledged competition to see whose systems would be completed fastest, and with the most efficiency. In 1972, to help curb excessive production of long-range defense systems, the U.S. and Soviet Union signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. This treaty limited both powers to having only two anti-ballistic missile sites. In a 1983 televised nationwide address, President Reagan relayed his thoughts on how the U.S. could take the lead in the missile systems race. He announced the initiation of the Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as Star Wars. This initiative remained intact well into the early 1990s, when after the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called a review where he changed the focus of the SDI to defending deplo yed American forces from missile threats. When the Clinton Administration came into power in 1993, the SDI became the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization. The new organization projected that a defense system would be deployed by 2003, but due to technological defects, a foolproof system has not yet been constructed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The attitudes of competing countries towards our development of a defense system seem to follow a specific pattern of opposition. China, for instance, who has highlighted their national interests as economic development, reunification with Taiwan, and strengthening their power globally, say they would feel compelled to counter any developments the U.

Blackberry Pest Analysis Essay

BlackBerry Limited, formerly known as Research In Motion Limited (RIM),[3][4] is a Canadian telecommunication and wireless equipment company best known to the general public as the developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones and tablets, but also well known worldwide as a provider of secure & high reliability software for industrial applications and Mobile Device Management (MDM). BlackBerry’s software and hardware products are used worldwide by various government’s agencies and by car makers and industrial plants throughout the world, much of this activity being unseen by the public. The company is headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by Mike Lazaridis, who served as its co-CEO along withJim Balsillie until January 22, 2012; as of November 2013, Saad assumes the new title of â€Å"Lead Director and Chair of Compensation†.[5] In November 2013, John S. Chen took over as CEO. His strategy is to subcontract manufacturing to Foxconn, and to focus on software technology.[6] Originally a dominant innovative company in the smartphone market for business and government usage, with 43% US market share in 2010, the company’s dominance in the US smartphone market has in recent years declined precipitously, in part because of intense competition mainly from the current high US market share of Google’s Android brands and also from the lower share that Apple’s iPhone has of the market. Due to such competition, the company’s share in the US personal consumer market was reduced to 3.8% in 2013.[7] In markets other than the US personal comsumer market BlackBerry’s products have fared better. On September 23, 2013 the company signed a letter of intent to be acquired for US$4.7 billion, or US$9 per share, by a consortium led by Fairfax Financial which has announced its intentions to take the company private.[8] On November 4, 2013 the deal was scrapped in favor of a US$1 billion cash injection which, according to one analyst, represented the level of confidence BlackBerry’s largest shareholder has in the company.[9] The majority of BlackBerry’s remaining value lies in innovation, one aspect being its patent portfolio, which has been valued at between US$2 billion and $3 billion.[10] Research In Motion Limited was founded in 1984 by Mike Lazaridis and Douglas Fregin. At the time, Lazaridis was an engineering student at the University of Waterl oo while Fregin was an engineering student at the University of Windsor.[11] RIM’s early development was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors in 1995  through a private placement in the privately held company. Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round[12] with a C$5,000,000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM’s two-way paging system hardware and software. A total of C$30,000,000 in pre-IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 1998 under the symbol RIM.[13] The company worked with RAM Mobile Data and Ericsson to turn the Ericsson-developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two-way paging and wireless e-mail network. Pivotal in this development was the release of the Inter@ctive Pager 950, which started shipping in August 1998. About the size of a bar of soap, this device competed against the SkyTel two-way paging network developed by Motorola. In 1999, RIM introduced the BlackBerry 850 pager. Named in reference to the resemblance of its keyboard’s keys to the druplets of the blackberry fruit, the device could receive push email from a Mic rosoft Exchange Server using its complementary server software, BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). The introduction of the BlackBerry set the stage for future enterprise-oriented products from the company, such as the BlackBerry 957 in April 2000, the first BlackBerry smartphone. The BlackBerry OS platform and BES continued to increase in functionality—while the incorporation of encryption and S/MIME support helped BlackBerry devices gain increased usage by governments and businesses.[14][15] BlackBerry Limited, formerly Research In Motion Limited, incorporated on March 7, 1984, is a designer, manufacturer and marketer of wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market. Through the development of integrated hardware, software and services, it provides platforms and solutions for seamless access to information, including e-mail, voice, instant messaging, short message service (SMS), Internet and intranet-based applications and browsing. The Company’s technology also enables an array of third party developers and manufacturers to enhance their products and services through software development kits, wireless connectivity to data and third-party support programs. Its portfolio of products, services and embedded technologies are used by thousands of organizations and millions of consumers around the world and include the BlackBerry wireless solution, the RIM Wireless Handheld product line, the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, software development tools and other software and hardware. Effective May 31, 2013,  BlackBerry Ltd acquired Scroon SA. On March 25, 2011, the Company purchased 100% of the shares of a company whose technology is being incorporated into the Company’s developer tools. On April 26, 2011, the Company purchased certain assets of a company whose acquired technologies will be incorporated into the Company’s products. In June 2011, the Company acquired Scoreloop. On March 8, 2012, the C ompany acquired Paratek Microwave Inc. During the fiscal year ended March 3, 2012 (fiscal 2012), the Company purchased 100% interests of a company, whose technology will be incorporated into its technology; whose technology offers cloud-based services for storing, sharing, accessing and organizing digital content on mobile devices; whose technology is being incorporated into an application on the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet; whose technology offers a customizable and cross-platform social mobile gaming developer tool kit, and whose technology will provide a multi-platform BlackBerry Enterprise Solution for managing and securing mobile devices for enterprises and government organizations. On April 24, 2012, the Company launched BlackBerry 7 smartphone, the BlackBerry Curve 9220, for customers in Indonesia. April 18, 2012, it launched BlackBerry 7 smartphone, the BlackBerry Curve 9220, for customers in India. On April 17, 2012, it announced availability of the BlackBerry Bold 9790 smartphone in Spain. On April 3, 2012, it launched BlackBerry Mobile Fusion, and launched four BlackBerry smartphones powered by the BlackBerry 7 operating system (OS) in Cambodia, which included BlackBerry Bold 9900, BlackBerry Bold 9790, BlackBerry Curve 9360 and BlackBerry Curve 9380. On April 2, 2012, it announced the availability of BlackBerry App World, the official application store for BlackBerry smartphones in Brunei, and it announced availability of the BlackBerry Bold 9790 and BlackBerry Curve 9380 smartphones for Cell C customers in South Africa. On March 27, 2012, it launched of the BlackBerry solution in Benin Republic. On March 15, 2012, it launched of BlackBerry services in China. On March 7, 2012, it launched the BlackBerry service in Angola. The Company’s primary revenue stream is generated by the BlackBerry wireless solution, consists of smartphones and tablets, service and software. BlackBerry service is provided through a combination of its global BlackBerry Infrastructure and the wireless networks of its carrier partners. On February 21, 2012, it released the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 software. It generates hardware revenues from sales, primarily to carriers and  distributors. During fiscal 2012, the Company launched the wireless fidelity (WiFi)-enabled BlackBerry PlayBook tablet in 44 markets around the world. On July 21, 2011, the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet received Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2 certification. BlackBerry Smartphones and Tablets BlackBerry smartphones uses wireless, push-based technology that delivers data to mobile users’ business and consumer applications. BlackBerry smartphones integrate messaging including instant messaging, email and SMS; voice calling; Webkit browser; multimedia capabilities; calendar, and other applications. During fiscal 2012, it introduced 10 new smartphones and launched software updates to both its smartphone and tablet platforms. BlackBerry smartphones are available from hundreds of carriers and indirect channels, through a range of distribution partners, and are designed to operate on a variety of carrier networks, including HSPA/HSPA+/UMTS, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, CDMA/Ev-DO, and iDEN. During fiscal 2012, its BlackBerry smartphone and tablet portfolio included BlackBerry Bold series, BlackBerry Torch series, BlackBerry Curve series and The BlackBerry PlayBook tablet. Its BlackBerry Bold series includes BlackBerry Bold 9900 and 9930 and BlackBerry Bold 9790. The Company’s BlackBerry Torch series include BlackBerry Torch 9810 and All-Touch BlackBerry Torch 9850 and 9860. The Company’s BlackBerry Curve series include BlackBerry Curve 9350/9360/9370 and All-Touch BlackBerry Curve 9380 Smartphone. The BlackBerry PlayBook tablet features the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0. The BlackBerry PlayBook offers a seven-inch high definition display, a dual core one gigahertz processor, dual high definition cameras, multitasking and a Web browsing. History of the PEST Analysis  written by: Sidharth Thakur †¢ edited by: Linda Richter †¢ updated: 12/30/2010 PEST analysis has been in use as an external environment scanning tool for more than three decades. Still , there isn’t much information on how this technique has evolved. Here is an article that explores the history and evolution of this technique. slide 1 of 3 One of the popular environmental scanning tools used by businesses to analyze the macro-environment in which they operate is the PEST analysis. History of  this strategic planning tool is somewhat imprecise; although it may have evolved earlier, the first traceable mention of this tool goes back to 1967, by Francis Aguilar. Let’s take a look at how this tool was introduced and how it has evolved ever since 1967. slide 2 of 3 The First Trace of PEST Analysis As mentioned earlier, it is Francis Aguilar who can be credited with the origin of this strategic analytical technique. At that time, Aguilar talked about ETPS – Economic, Technological, Political, and Social environment — as the four environments that must be scanned when looking for analytical grounds to judge the strategic plans. Even in its current form, PEST revolves around these same four factors; however the term PEST came in much later. A few years later Arnold Brown emphasized these same four environmental factors with the only difference that he labeled it as STEP. This acronym, in addition to referring to each of the four environmental factors, stands for Strategic Trend Evaluation Process as well. There is no clear evidence about when PEST emerged from STEP or ETPS, but as of today the commonly used name for this external environment scanning technique is PEST. Apart from PEST, analysis history shows it is also popular in its extended form as PESTLE. PEST analysis (‘Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Some analysts added Legal and rearranged the mnemonic to SLEPT; inserting Environmental factors expanded it to PESTEL or PESTLE, which is popular in the United Kingdom.[1] The model has recently been further extended to STEEPLE and STEEPLED, adding Ethics and Demographic factors. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macro-environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an  updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation.